Evaluation of tobacco specific nitrosamines exposure by quantification of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in human hair of non-smokers.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Chronic exposure to specific carcinogens present in secondhand smoke has been associated with different types of cancers. Hair is an ideal matrix to develop a proper biomarker as it absorbs substances in circulation and allows measuring their average concentration over long periods of time. A method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of nicotine, cotinine, NNN, NNK and NNAL in 20 mg human hair samples. Concentrations were significantly different depending on the declared exposure. This study shows for the first time that NNK is present in hair samples from non-smokers in concentrations much higher than any other tobacco specific nitrosamine. NNN could also be detected in samples from the most exposed non-smokers while, as previously reported, NNAL was undetectable. NNK correlates well with nicotine and cotinine (rsp = 0.774 and rsp = 0.792 respectively, p < 0.001 in both cases). However, NNN concentrations did not correlate with any of the other analytes. Ratios between NNK and nicotine show variability with different concentrations of NNK present in samples with similar nicotine values. NNK has proven to be the best marker of tobacco specific nitrosamines in hair. Monitoring NNK may provide a good estimation of cancer risk associated with exposure to secondhand smoke.
منابع مشابه
Biomarkers for human uptake and metabolic activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines are a group of carcinogens formed from nicotine and related tobacco alkaloids. Two of these compounds, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine, are believed to be involved as causative agents for cancers of the lung, oral cavity, esophagus, and pancreas associated with the use of tobacco products. The goal of the studies descr...
متن کاملTobacco-specific nitrosamines, hemoglobin adducts and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
Hemoglobin (Hb) adducts of 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB), a metabolite of two tobacco-specific nitrosamines: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N’nitrosonornicotine (NNN), were measured in blood samples collected from 47 non-smokers, including 21 cases of lung cancer, enrolled in four centers. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) during the previous yea...
متن کامل4-Hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, an indicator for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced DNA damage, is not detected in human pancreatic tissue.
Tobacco smoking is the only known etiologic agent that causes pancreatic cancer. The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-I-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent carcinogen in laboratory rodents that, independent of the route of administration, induces primarily lung adenocarcinoma (1). When administered in drinking water, NNK and its metabolite 4-(methy1nitrosamino)-1(3-pyridy...
متن کاملEvidence that a hemoglobin adduct used for dosimetry of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone is a carboxylic ester.
Hemoglobin adducts of the carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) release 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) upon mild base or acid hydrolysis. HPB has been detected in hydrolysates of hemoglobin from smokers and snuff dippers and has been proposed as a dosimeter of exposure to and metabolic activation of NNK in people exposed to toba...
متن کاملMetabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in smokers' urine.
Metabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a potent pulmonary carcinogen, have been quantified in the urine of 11 smokers. They were not detected in nonsmokers' urine. The metabolites, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronide, were detected in quantities of 0.23-1.0 and 0.57-6.5 micrograms/24 h, respectively. The res...
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عنوان ژورنال:
- Scientific reports
دوره 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2016